Uman NUH | today: 04/12/2024
| Author(s) |
Lyubchenko A.I., Candidate of Agricultural Science, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Lybchenko I.O., postgraduate, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Novak Zh.M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 102. Part 1 |
| pages | 126-135 | index UDK | 632.112-021.484:575.827:581.14] 633.112 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-102-1-126-135 (Link) |
| Abstract | Global climate changes are one of the main problems of modern agricultural production. They cause long droughts and soil salinization. Under such conditions, it becomes necessary to create and introduce into production drought-, salt- and heat-resistant varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops. Methods of early diagnosis based on seed quality are one of the most effective ways to determine the tolerance of the source material to stress factors. It is possible to improve the genotype of durum wheat by adding genes from related species, namely: Triticum Persicum, Triticum Dicoсcum, Triticum Ispahanicum, Triticum Polonicum and Triticum Aethiopicum. However, it is necessary to determine the level of manifestation of drought resistance of these species in order to involve them in the gene pool of durum wheat. The aim of the work was to analyze the effect of osmotic stress on seeding performance of tetraploid wheat species and to identify drought-resistant forms. As a selective factor, mannitol was used in concentrations of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 %. The limit concentration of mannitol, at which seed germination of the studied wheat species was noted, was 10 %. The highest germination similarity was recorded in Triticum ispahanicum and Triticum aethiopicum. In addition to a decrease in laboratory germination, suppression of the intensity of growth indicators in seedlings was noted. In the control variant of the experiment, seedlings weighing 20–27 mg, height 117–218 mm, with 5.3–7.8 roots 48–88 mm long were formed. At the maximum allowable concentration of the selective factor, the height of the seedlings was inhibited by 67.4 %, the weight by 94.2 %, and the development of the root system by 55.8 %. The smallest decrease in growth indicators was recorded in Triticum polonicum. Therefore, mannitol, exerting osmotic stress, significantly reduces the laboratory germination of seeds and the strength of seedlings of Triticum species. To assess the drought resistance of genotypes, it is advisable to germinate seeds on solutions of mannitol at a concentration of 8–10 %. Triticum aethiopicum and Triticum polonicum were characterized by the highest resistance to osmotic stress based on the set of indicators of seed quality. Selected genotypes can be used as starting material in the selection of tetraploid wheat for drought resistance. The highest similarity of seeding was recorded in Triticum ispahanicum and Triticum aethiopicum (respectively, 21.8–18.2 % compared to the control). | ||
| Key words | Triticum, mannitol, osmotic stress, germination, drought resistance | ||